Copy of Infectious Diseases Module 4

What is the most common organism that causes hospital acquired urinary tract infection?

Which of the following is the most common hospital acquired infection?

Which of the following is the most common life-threatening hospital acquired infection?

Which of the following exposure poses the highest risk of HIV transmission?

Which of the following is the most common cause of recurrent bacterial meningitis?

Which of the following characteristics is not considered a risk factor for the development of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related cancer?

An 18-year-old had became sexually active in the last 2 years. During the past 6 months, she has had two sexual partners who intermittently used condoms for contraception.

She has not received the human papillomavirus vaccination.

She is relatively asymptomatic and physical examination is unremarkable.

Given her recent sexual contact, which of the following infections should this patient be tested for?

Fidaxomicin is capable of eradicating which type of bacteria?

All of the following statements are true regarding HIV-2 except?

Which of the following antibiotic is least useful in the treatment against Methicillin Resistant Staphylocccus aureus (MRSA)?

Which of the following features would be highly suggestive of an acute HIV-1 infection?

A 25 year old renal transplant patient on mycophenolate and sirolimus visits your practice to get some advice on pre-travel vaccination.

Which of the following vaccines are contraindicated?

One of your patient is sensitive to eggs. Although reactions to vaccines are very rare, which of the following live attenuated vaccine is likely to cause a hypersensitivity reaction?

A 16 year old girl recently had unprotected sex with a man known to be HIV positive.

Which of the following tests is most helpful in establishing whether she has been infected with HIV?

Which of the following dental procedure does not require endocarditis prophylaxis?

Which of the following Aedes mosquito is a known vector for the Zika virus?

Which of the following is the strongest single predictive marker of disease progression at all stages of HIV?

The following statements are true regarding this rash, except?

Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding Candida auris?

Which of the following ART has been implicated in the development of lipodystrophy (buffalo hump) in HIV patients.

Which of the following statements about rezafungin is false?

A 38-year-old male presents to the clinic with a 6-month history of progressive dyspnea, non-productive cough, and intermittent low-grade fevers. He reports significant weight loss over the same period but denies any recent travel, sick contacts, or known exposures to tuberculosis. His past medical history is unremarkable, and he has no known history of immunodeficiency in the family. He does not smoke and has no history of intravenous drug use.

On examination, the patient appears cachectic. Vital signs reveal a low-grade fever and mild tachypnea. Pulmonary auscultation identifies diffuse crackles bilaterally, but no wheezes or rhonchi. The rest of the physical examination is unremarkable.

Laboratory tests show a normal complete blood count with differential.

His flow cytometry reveals a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 180 cells/µL (normal range: 500-1500 cells/µL).

HIV testing, including antigen/antibody combination assays and HIV RNA viral load, is negative. Additional workup for other causes of lymphocytopenia, such as HTLV, SLE, and sarcoidosis, is also negative.

Chest radiography shows diffuse interstitial infiltrates, and high-resolution CT of the chest reveals a pattern suggestive of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP).

Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the above condition?

Statins has been recommended as primary prophylaxis against cardiovascular disease in HIV patients over 40 years of age with elevated LDL level and a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score of above 7.5 percent.

However, all statins are metabolized to some degree by the CYP3A4 system. Therefore, for a HIV person who is on a protease inhibitor, which statin should he or she avoid?

A 25 year old mother has a 6 year old son and both of them are HIV positive.

She is currently pregnant and asks you what the chances of her baby developing HIV, if she takes her ART during pregnancy?

The following are associated with increased risk of HIV transmission except?

In a HIV patient, all of the following complications may only develop once the CD4 count drops to less than 200, except?

What is the effect of being Heterozygous for CCR5 Delta 32 allele in the development of HIV and AIDS?

A patient with HIV on ART for 10 years with stable CD4 count and undetectable viral load asks if he could stop taking ART.

What should you advice?

A patient with HIV treated with Ritonavir (protease inhibitor) develops lipodystrophy. He is treated with oral lovastatin as part of management of his lipodystrophy.

Which complication could potentially arise from this treatment?