Copy of Gastroenterology Module 6

HIV modifies the natural history of Hepatitis B virus in the following ways, except?

What is the strongest predictor of future cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in patients with Hepatitis B?

A 38-year-old female with a history of HIV and chronic Hepatitis B co-infection is being managed on Emtricitabine-Tenofovir (Truvada) as part of her antiretroviral therapy. Two months after initiating this treatment, she presents with fatigue, mild jaundice, and abdominal discomfort.

Her recent laboratory tests reveal a significant elevation in liver enzymes (AST and ALT). Additional investigations, including serologies for Hepatitis A, C, and D, return negative. Her CD4 count is 500 cells/mm³, and her HIV viral load is undetectable. An ultrasound of the abdomen shows no signs of cirrhosis or liver steatosis.

Given this clinical presentation and laboratory findings, what is the most likely cause of her elevated liver enzymes?

What is the most likely cause?

In a non-immunized recipient, the following mode of transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) will most likely result in chronic carrier status:

A patient with HCV genotype 2 infection develops a blistering rash whenever he goes in the sun. He has a low viral load.There is no evidence of cirrhosis or other liver disease .

What is the most appropriate treatment?

The natural progression of Hepatitis C is unlikely to be influenced by:

Which of the following is a predictor of poor response to treatment in Hepatitis C?

What has historically been the most important factor affecting response to treatment of Hepatitis C ?

The following are predictors of poor outcome in patients with paracetamol overdose EXCEPT?

A 69-year-old male with a background of familial hemochromatosis, recently diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following a bone marrow biopsy, initiated treatment with gemtuzumab.

Within two weeks of starting therapy, he developed a new onset of jaundice, an enlarged liver, and significant weight gain due to fluid accumulation.

What is the next step in management?

A 55 year old man with compensated cirrhosis secondary to alcohol abuse is found to have a solitary liver nodule

What is the most likely diagnosis?

This condition is less likely to cause Hepatocellular carcinoma:

An 18-year-old man presents with a 12-month history of unsteady gait, resting tremor, slurred speech, and rigidity.

Laboratory tests reveal elevated transaminases, low serum copper, and low serum ceruloplasmin levels. 

What is the best diagnostic test?

Which of the following is the target antigen in autoimmune hepatitis Type II?

Which of the following medication has the potential of slowing down the progression of primary biliary cholangitis?

In acute severe attack of ulcerative colitis that is not responding to conventional treatment with intravenous Hydrocortisone, which intervention is most effective and safe as rescue therapy?

What is the antibiotic of choice for acute pouchitis?

What is the main benefit of giving intravenous high dose omeprazole to patients with suspected peptic ulcer bleeding BEFORE their endoscopy?

In patients who have failed initial therapy for H pylori eradication, there is now the option to go for salvage therapy with a rifabutin triple therapy or a bismuth quadruple therapy. However, when comparing these two regimes, how effective was Ribabutin triple therapy compared to Bismuth quadruple therapy in terms of eradication rates?

High intake of sweetened drinks has been linked to the risk of developing which type of cancer?